For its geographical position, Italy has been one of the main arrival points of the migration fluxes from Africa. Million of people leave their countries because of war, religious or political conflicts and economic crisis and try to reach Europe.
Libia is the country through which they are forced to arrive. To the Mediterranean Sea. Many are detained in centers in Libia where their situation is terrible: they are sometimes tortured or even killed. Trafficants charge enourmous sums of money to help them crossthe sea in dinghies/ makeshift boats. For them Italy is only a stop-over to reach their families in Northern Europe or look for a job. According to a European law, the Dublin agreement, migrants have to stay in the first country when they are identified and so many of them are forced to stay up to two years in Italy until their asilyum request is examined. Migrants stay in centri di accoglienza which sometimes are overcrowded or they get out of them to try and get a job illegally just to survive. According to fortresseurope.bogspot.it, deaths in the Mediterranean increased in the last three year She: 2014- 3.507 people 2015- 4273 people 2016- 5022 people. In total, from 1988 to 2016, 27.382 people died along European borders. According to UNHCR data reported by lenius.it, in 2016 180.000 people landed in Italy arriving through the Mediterranean. https://www.lenius.it/migranti-2017/ From July 2017 the flux of migrants has been decreasing, only 98.988 people arrived in Italy crossing the sea in the first 8 months of 2017. Among them, the majority were men, and 15% unaccompanied children. Sbarchi in Italia Morti nel Mediterraneo 2014 170.000 3507 2015 153.842 4273 2016 181.436 5.022 There is a discussion on the causes of that decrease. Some say that there are fewer people arriving through the desert, other people affirm that this is a consequence of the agreement between Italy and Libia signed in February 2017 to stop people from crossing the Mediterranean. Anyway, consequences are that: - an increasing number of migrants die crossing the desert; -an increasing number of migrants get trapped in detention centers and prisons in Libia. Amnesty international estimates that there is over a million migrants caught in Libia in inhuman conditions and describes the situations in 2016: https://www.amnesty.it/libia-migranti-e-rifugiati-in-fuga-da-violenza-sessuale-persecuzione-e-sfruttamento/ Medicins sans Frontieres asks European governments to take a stand against the inhuman conditions in which migrants are kept in Lybia and ask legal paths to guarantee their save arrival in Europe: http://archivio.medicisenzafrontiere.it/Lettera%20aperta%20MSF-Libia.pdf
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